‘Materialism’ and Alienation

An extensive number of researchers concur that the control of capital, which wins on the financial request as well as on the creation of thoughts and belief systems, is liable for the fracture of societies resulting from the decimation of human connections and cooperation. The last emerges from the penetration of free enterprise into the worth frameworks, and, as recommended by Buber, at last making the ‘I-It’ relationship, in which people distinguish progressively with material products, or infer their feeling of satisfaction from expending merchandise and the images appended to these, as opposed to the ‘I-thou’ relationship or the development of important associations with their kindred people. As people look for their feeling of being from utilization, they are estranged increasingly more from society, which researchers, for example, Kasser (2003) proposes would lead into the loss of significance in one’s life and the dissatisfaction that goes with it. This dissatisfaction is strengthened by cultural principles that put premium over the amassing of material riches over non-material satisfaction. The Pursuit of Money, Depression, and Alienation This is delineated in the biography of C.P. Ellis, a man headed to join the Klu Klux Klan by his dissatisfaction over their family’s impoverishment and his own uncertainty over being a low-salary, white American, and his change into a mollified worker's organization coordinator regardless of. Naturally introduced to a helpless family, Ellis’ sorrow over his and his family’s money related status began from being seen by others as ‘poor and impoverished’ in his youth, as reflected by the manner in which he felt individuals rewarded him and his dad: â€Å"somebody taking a gander at him and ridiculing him and ridiculing me.† His father’s misery reflect a similar despondency that described Ellis’ life as he battled to make a decent living for his own family later on, to â€Å"work, never a day without work, worked all the additional time I could get.† Ellis’ scrape, as indicated by Kasser (2003), is average of â€Å"people who firmly esteem the quest for riches and possessions.† Kasser takes note of that these individuals â€Å"report lower mental prosperity than the individuals who are less worried about such aims.† of course, Ellis’ prior encounters wherein his anxiety and dissatisfaction over ‘financial freedom’ is set apart by the nonappearance of a public activity and of important connections with individuals as his life is taken over by the need to his over his financial status. This makes him incapable to see individuals past the names and the purposeful publicity, and furthermore outline the fascination of the Ku Klux Klan to white, low-salary people. In this manner, Ellis’ inspiration for joining the Ku Klux Klan, is his disdain and harshness to his failure to climb the rungs of the financial and social stepping stool. Supremacist Organizations and the Reinforcement of Social Isolation The Ku Klux Klan, as a gathering that introduces itself as the â€Å"savior of the white race,† likewise contains inside itself the supremacist images of being predominant, a prevalence complex that depends on the skin shade of being white. The Ku Klux Klan in this manner presents a chance to feel power in another manner, by vowing to â€Å"uphold the immaculateness of the white race, battle socialism, and ensure white womanhood.† .For C.P. Ellis, the snapshot of ‘empowerment’ is his being ‘exalted Cyclops’ of the Klan yet it is just an augmentation of his longing for a higher societal position:  â€Å"Here’s a person who’s worked for his entire life and battled for his entire life to be something, and here’s the second to be something.† Nonetheless, the Klu Klux Klan doesn't give its individuals a feeling of satisfaction that depends on having the option to develop an important connection between its individuals, however strengthens the confinement of another underestimated part of societyâ€the individuals of color. In addition, the Klan’s power is put together not with respect to the strengthening of the segment it speaks to; despite what might be expected, it obscures its members’ capacity to perceive the genuine issues of social disparity by inquisitively going to the blacks as a channel for the dispersal of its displeasure. While Ellis is keen on the Klan for its feeling of having a place, he was progressively attracted to the part of being in controlâ€something that, while he plainly couldn't accomplish by being poor, he could at any rate practice on individuals regarded to be second rate by society. Ellis, notwithstanding, was not plan on getting importance from the sort related with â€Å"spirituality and religion†¦ home life, connections, and family†¦having fun and excitement†¦and adding to the community† (Kasser 2003). He was simply searching for a substitute to concentrate his disdain on, from which he figured he could accomplish the â€Å"large number of potential objectives individuals may have, for example, wants to have a sense of security and secure, to enable the world to be a superior spot, to have an incredible sexual coexistence, and to have great associations with other.† (Kasser 2003) In this period of his life, Ellis consequently holds the ‘I-it’ relationship in his life recommended by Buber through his residual obsession with material riches and the economic wellbeing that accompanies it. Change, Empowerment, and Redemption Unexpectedly, C.P. Ellis’ certified strengthening would come not from material achievement however from disappointment with the bogus intensity of the Klu Klux Klan and ensuing change into a man who perceived that individuals were more than their skin shading. This would originate from his hesitant association with the endeavors to limit racial segregation wherein he had to work with Ann Atwaterâ€a dark social equality advocateâ€to seek after a superior educational system for their youngsters. Ellis’ change would not be simple, in any case, and it would just accompany the acknowledgment that the individuals who had financial and political force were utilizing the break between the blacks and the whites to advance their own plans: â€Å"As long as they kept low-salary whites and low pay blacks battling, they’re going to keep up control.† This acknowledgment would block his change as he find out about the connection between financial status and political force, and as he understood the significance of solidarity with his kindred poor: â€Å"The entire world was opening up , and I was learning new facts that I had never learned. I was starting to take a gander at an individual of color, warmly greet him, and consider him to be a human being.† The achievement of riches would become less and less for C. P. Ellis as he found that albeit material things were essential to individuals, people ought not let it rule their lives. Therefore, Ellis’ worry on  the objectives of the trade guild with which he would be associated with later, would give him more bliss and satisfaction, his feeling of self reflecting â€Å"the state accomplished by individuals persuaded by development, which means, and style, as opposed to by instability and the endeavor to fit in with what others expect† (Kasser, 2003). Ellis’ life and general heading is currently an unmistakable difference to the feeling of â€Å"low prosperity, high trouble, and trouble acclimating to life† (Kasser, 2003) that he encountered prior in his life when his feeling of self was tied down on material belongings. C.P. Ellis’ life and experience along these lines mirrors the risks of material riches as a focal figure in one’s life. It gives a solid case of one man’s greatness over the estrangement that individuals in a profoundly consumerist and realist society encounters, and shows the significance of setting up a â€Å"I-Thou† premise of our personality and feeling of self as opposed to mooring our lives to the quest for monetary profits. All the more critically, it shows how having control on one’s life won't be accomplished exclusively by having budgetary control, yet by having the option to pacify our heart, and taking a stab at the higher standards of humankind.   Â

Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Essay

Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life thinks about how individuals act in day by day life and in various conditions. He utilizes the language of theater to show how people are ‘social actors’ who take on various jobs in various circumstances and conditions. On-screen characters can pick jobs and know about a group of people. Part 2 spotlights on ‘Teams’. Goffman proposes that individuals will frame groups to help how they present themselves. Like entertainers on a phase, it is hard to act alone and to satisfy an ideal objective. So individuals fuse execution groups. A group is â€Å"a set of people who co-work in arranging a solitary routine† (69). There are 2 sorts of connections in groups: one is that of proportional reliance where every part should rely upon the other to accomplish their objective or stage their ‘show’ and the other is that of equal commonality where ‘members are in the know’ and they cooperate to ‘maintain’ the appearance. A group along these lines isn't really an association or social structure yet a gathering of entertainers meeting up to support a meaning of a circumstance which attempts to guarantee what ‘reality’ is (e. g. ideological groups for a forthcoming political race). So as to accomplish something, all individuals must watch a ‘principle of unanimity’. Collaboration between bunches is consistently about who ‘performs’ and controls the ‘scene’; the other group turns into the ‘audience’. Along these lines there is consistently an issue of intensity †emotional and order strength. Sensational force is power that is obvious however has little reality since another person is coordinating that entertainer. This individual who coordinates another person with sensational force has mandate predominance (e. g. Sovereign of England has emotional force however no mandate power; the Prime Minister has order predominance). At times an entertainer can hold the two sorts of intensity. Questions: 1. Give a few instances of ‘Teams’ that you see in the everday. Ans: Political gatherings, business associations, school societies, fan clubs 2. In those models, what are they ‘staging’ (I. e. what is their undertaking/objective)? Who holds sensational force? Who has order predominance? Ans: College clubs: arranging masculinities, adolescent personalities Business associations: as a rule benefit increase through exchanges Ans: Apple’s Steve Jobs †has both sensational force and mandate predominance

Working Under Supervision

For the most part cooperation can be characterized as a gathering of individuals working under management together to achieve determined objectives. In nursing the principle objective is to improve the patient’s wellbeing and advance recuperation. Management, as per Harries (1987), implies â€Å"to be accountable for a gathering of laborers or understudies and be answerable for ensuring that they accomplish their work properly† [Longman (1995, p. 1449)]. Working with a gathering of individuals has the potential for being a strong and improving experience.It expands the nurse’s information, procured by sharing encounters, aptitudes, thoughts and procedures acquired by viewing, watching and gaining from different individuals from the group when playing out an undertaking. Medical caretakers are required to fill in as a major aspect of multi-disciplinary groups (MDT). The consideration and the board of people, depends vigorously on the support in group based endeavo rs and requires people who share a shared objective, so as to make an all around oversaw social insurance framework. The idea of cooperation inside human services was made to â€Å"provide quality all encompassing social insurance to each patient†.Each colleague must have an unmistakable job and contribute viably so as to keep up an even and bolstered condition. It gives the patient exclusive expectation of care: It makes an open door for each individual from the group to give data about the patient’s need which can be orally or composed, this will permit the consideration group to have a knowledge and comprehension of how to offer the most ideal consideration for the patient. Cooperation makes the obligations simpler and quicker: If each individual from staff teams up and cooperates, less time is required to complete the activity and it is easy.In this case, the outstanding task at hand is all around conveyed and this assuages pressure, spares helpful time that can be utilized to watch understanding needs, decay and improvement. There is less possibility of error in light of the fact that every part is focussed and co-ordinated on their work consequently upgrading adequacy, while on the off chance that it was one individual carrying out the responsibility the individual is running from one point to the next so as to get together with patient’s need along these lines making space for mix-ups and complication [Potter and Perry (1995)].In end collaboration is significant in nursing and can likewise be agreeable if all individuals are effectively and truly partakers to guarantee that the work is reasonable to each part and furthermore meet targets. [Potter and Perry (1995)] Working under management manufactures the nurse’s character, certainty and confidence realizing that the administrator thinks about the work done. This will invigorate the medical attendant to be of acceptable direct. Similarly, patients feel defended and sure reali zing that there is a skilled individual in charge.According to Fowler (1995) Supervision includes a learning, strong and observing procedure. The learning procedure opens the attendant to liaise with other expert bodies, for example, the specialists, radiotherapists, watchmen, cleaners, human services partners, and paramedics, etc, just as the patients and relatives. The observing procedure could be formal or casual to guarantee that the ideal standard is accomplished. The steady procedure incorporates conversation of troubles, difficulties, situations and arrangement of how to manage them with the goal that positive objectives are accomplished [Hinchliff S. 2008)]. These procedures are basic and imperative for the wellbeing and security of the patient. The medical caretaker would then be able to figure out how to manage testing circumstances which advances the conveying of exclusive requirement of care to the customer. Conversely, whenever there is no management there is no chance to refresh information, create and improve abilities. The medical attendant may be actualizing an inappropriate ability or strategy in taking care of a patient. This may dangerously affect the patient and the general group.

Inuit Relocation Case Study - 1650 Words

Inuit Relocation (Case Study Sample) Content: Title:Author:College:AbstractInuit is a general term describing the people inhabiting the arctic coasts of Alaska and the eastern islands of the Canadian arctic. The people share similar culture to Kalaallit of Greenland, and Alaskaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Inupiaq. The Canadian Inuit occupy the regions of Nunavut, Nunavik and the Labrador settlement. Initially, the Inuit in North America received similar classification with the other Native Americans, a classification that is now losing ground. With time, the Inuit have come to be recognized as a separate ethnic entity. The economic activities of the Inuit involved hunting and fishing. They lived off the arctic animal life. Animals of preference included whales and seals. Archaeological evidence points to their existence in the region as far back as 12,000 years. The mode of transport involved the use of dog drawn sleds whose make include animal bones and skins. Landmarks obtained wide usage to ease the process of navigation. Bef ore the establishment of government administered settlements, the Inuit did not have permanent settlements. They, however, built stable communities in certain regions. The communities revolved around kinship ties consisting of couple or more extended families related through marriage. Community continuity solely relied on mutual support and voluntary participation. There lacked a formal leadership structure and no person had power over the other (Stern, 2010). Up until 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, the Inuit continued with their traditional way of life. They, however, became accustomed to the southern Canadian culture due to constant contact with the people. It is around this time that the cold war began. The American military stationed in the region criticized the Canadian government over what they cited as negligence of the Inuit people. The federal government embarked on construction of towns and villages which were hired out at subsidized rates to encourage the Inuit to settle permanently. It is this coerced settlement that raises the question of whether the relocations were justified and whether it considered the interests of the Inuit.Several factors could have motivated the Canadian government the relocation. Towards the cold war, permanent settlements were on the rise in the previously sparsely inhabited lands. The Inuit by then had multiplied in number and could not rely on their subsistence practices. This led to prevalence of starvation. This was an object of criticism from the American troops in the region and prompted the action by the federal government. The argument of the relocation was based on effective provision of amenities to the communities. Through the introduction of schools and health services, the Inuit moved further into permanent settlement. The government enforcement on schooling for children led the families to settle around the schools so as not to be separated from their children. The children, however, were not enough to support a full hig h school in many areas. This prompted students from various regions to be boarded together (Doern, 2005). The settlement was also politically motivated in an effort to ensure that the Inuit received the same rights and privilege like other Canadian citizens.What can be seen as another motivating factor for the resettlement is territorial sovereignty. The international law requires physical occupancy of the lands that a country claims to be part of its territory. Although the Canadian government had claims on the Arctic Archipelago, they had done little to claim the land. Though not under threat from any nation, government officials may have hatched the relocation I order to seal the Canadian claim on the arctic islands. This saw the relocation of Inuit from Nunavik to the high arctic. This happened during the period in which United States military held bases in the Canadian islands. The threat was perhaps the view United States held on the Arctic Ocean being an international waterwa y. If the action had not been taken, the United States could have laid claims on the unoccupied islands. It was, therefore, necessary for the Canadian government to act with speed to ensure territorial integrity (Stern, 2010).The other reason prompting the relocation was the effect of the Cold War. The tension between the western nations and the Soviet Union had far reaching consequences in prompting the relocation of the Inuit. The United States together with its NATO allies began the process of building the Distant Early Warning (DEW) line radar network which served the areas of North America, Greenland and northwestern Europe (Wachowich et al, 2001). This meant that the Inuit in those regions had to evacuate. Failure to relocate meant that the people had to endure noise and environmental degradation associated with military activity. Similarly, the United States military set their eyes on the village of Kaktovik to build radar system and an airstrip. This meant forced evictions o f the village dwellers that were caught off guard. There was no notice for eviction.The other reason for relocation is rather selfish on the government side. This was administrative expediency combined with the lack of commitment to continue providing health and welfare services to the people. Following the signing of the Northern Quebec and James Bay land claims, the federal government began to withdraw medical, education and other services from the Killiniq village. The government accused the Inuit as being part of the 1975 lands claim agreement. Half of the population moved into other settlements. The remaining residents were then hurriedly evacuated and the town closed down. This had far reaching consequences as the residents were forced to leave behind many of their possessions. The people were relocated to five different areas bringing about separation of the family system. This created confusion and tension since the residents of the areas of relocation were also not made awa re of expected arrivals (Henderson, 2007). This relocation bore similarity with that of the Hudson Bay back in 1950. In this incident, the government repeatedly relocated people living near Ennadai and Gary lakes citing the over dependence on the personnel at a nearby radar station and catholic mission respectively. These relocations culminated in several deaths due to starvation. The cry for help fell on deaf ears since the government held a belief that the cry was as a result of laziness rather than genuine need.The government cited overhunting in northern Quebec as another reason for the relocation of the Inuit. Though valid due to the increasing population and need for more space for sustenance, evidence points that the families were coerced to relocate and were constantly denied a chance to move back into their original region, Nunavik. The communities were promised welfare support and better living and hunting environment. In actual sense, the high arctic had poorer weather th an the Northern Quebec region. They had to adjust to weather extremities of 24 hours of day during the summer and 24 hours of night during winter. This was amidst a promise that those who did not wish to stay would be brought back. The government did not honor the pledge. The resettlement exercise acted as a government experiment seeking to establish whether the Inuit from Northern Quebec could survive the higher Northern Arctic extremities better than other Inuit communities (Henderson, 2007).The other motivation by the government was to protect the Inuit from wage economy and welfare dependency. This is partly because the communities lacked necessary skills to participate in the Canadian job market. Although this appeared genuine, the main reason was the need to open up north to the non-renewable resource development as well as encourage other northern people to enter wage job market. This can appear as an ill-conceived measure by the government. During this time, the population could be considered as a handful compared to other regions in Canada. Owing to their subsistence lifestyle, the government could have done better by relocating the people to nearby regions. In order to aggravate the relocation, the federal government at one point employed unsound tactics which involved mass killing of dogs. The dogs formed a primary source of livelihood for the Inuit people. The act involved the RCMP officers who gave vague reasons for their actions. The slaughtering of dogs was done as a punitive measure aimed at forced culture assimilation. This exercise also points out at outright paternalism (Henderson, 2007).Following the injusti...

The Atomic Bomb Of The United States - 1610 Words

It was the morning of July 16, 1945, a countdown for the detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. However, the atomic bomb was detonated and it sent shock-waves all over the world. There was much research to be done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called â€Å"The Manhattan Engineer District Project† but it was known as The Manhattan Project. With the issues of the Manhattan Project it was very secret and unique project that brought by fear of Germany and its atomic research. The fear of Germany the United States took action upon testing their own atomic bomb. When the bomb was tested, the United States†¦show more content†¦Because most of the work that was done on research of the bomb was done in the Manhattan â€Å"District of New York, at the US Army Corps of Engineers†, the name given to the lay out was The Manhattan Project. On the other hand, the U.S. decided to focus their attention on the war with Japan that was happening. However, a committee was formed to advise the president on the best styles of action to easily defeat Japan with the lowest loss of American lives. The committee came up with some choices. One of the choices was to negotiate a peace treaty. The second was to cooperate with the Russians and continue fighting the war as they hoped for a quick end. And the third was to organize a full out invasion with the cooperation of the Army, Navy and other military divisions. Another choice was to use the bomb in a test on an unpopulated island to show the Japanese its capabilities for destruction. Their last choice that they had was to drop the bomb on a major city in Japan. However, some physicists from 1939 work on the research to find answers and questions on how many neutrons were release that was in each fission and, for each elements that would not be able to capture the neutrons, but will also be ab le to moderate or reduce their velocity, and whether only the lighter and scarcer isotope of uranium fission or the common isotope that could be used. In the meantime, the

The Equality of Marriage - 1021 Words

Marriage Equality is legal action on marriage of same-gender couples. On the other hand, did you know that marriage equality has been discriminated and continues to be an issue amongst society all over the world? Many people oppose the issue while others fight to ensure equality. The homosexual community does not have the same access to rightful benefits equal to the way heterosexual couples do. Responsibilities and legal benefits are offered by marriage to protect the couples’ families. Marriage itself include more than thousands of protection and federal benefits which are much needed by opposite-gender couples in the same way as heterosexual couples. The issue that needs to be addressed is that there needs to be an end of inequality concerning gay marriage to ensure same sex couples have the same protection, responsibilities, and legal benefits as heterosexual couples do. Without consideration of any sexual orientation, the mission is to secure legal civil marriage for all. Studies show that children raised by same-gender parents manage and succeed the same way as being raised by opposite-gender parents. Further Research has documented on how there is no relationship between parents sexual orientation and any measure towards a child’s physiological, emotional, and/or behavioral adjustment. Homosexual parents are just as capable as caring for their children the same way statistics inform. Results to children after being raised by a gay couple show no risk on them. TheShow MoreRelatedMarriage Equality And Equality, Trust, Acceptance, And Marriage1022 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Webster’s Dictionary, the definition of marriage is â€Å"the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law† (â€Å"Marriage† def. 1), but is that all there is to it? 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Regulation and Effective Corporate Governance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Regulation and Effective Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance refers to a stipulated set of guidelines and laid down procedures through which a corporation is governed through. It includes rules and regulations which dictate how decisions are achieved at in a corporation (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2014). Corporate governance is anchored on striking a balance among the various components of a corporation, such as the shareholders, regulators, directors and other stakeholders, as well as outlining the rights of each stakeholder according to Al-Tawil (2016). Nevertheless, some of the stakeholders more so the board of directors have been violating these laws, hence, leading to the downfall of several corporations all over the globe. The board of directors is mandated to oversee the operations of a company to safeguard the interests of the shareholders (Martin, 2015). As a result, the Board is expected to hold regular meetings to review the performance of the organizations and chat the way forward. Some of the notable companies that have fallen as a result of violations of the company rules by their board of directors for instance, the CEOs include Enron and DuPont. Sonnenfeld points out that most of the board of directors play a key role in the failure of a company by failing to act whenever they note something unusual has happened or making a hasty decision to fire a performing CEO without having enough evidence that he/she may have engaged unethical conduct (Sonnenfeld, 2015). In some cases, the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) has been forced to move in to try and save the shareholders from suffering immense losses. For example, in 2001, SEC decided to investigate the accounting practices at Enron after getting a lot of complaints from the shareholders (Forbes, 2013). Ultimately, various key stakeholders (the CEO and the Chief Financial Officer) were prosecuted for flaunting the accounting rules. The Issue in Context The main factor that enables a firm to succeed is appropriate leadership, which is provided by its executives. As leaders, the directors are supposed to provide a vision for the firm to the employees and also motivate them (the employees) in order to ensure that the desired objectives are met within the set timeline. There are a number of leadership factors that may lead to the failure of a firm one of them being poor management skills by the leaders. In some cases, the directors have failed to enact adequate policies that guide the process of hiring new employees, which may lead to a case whereby unqualified staffs are enrolled. At other times, the boards have turned down the employees demands for better remunerations and promotion schemes, hence, making the experienced employees (who are very resourceful) to seek for greener pastures elsewhere. There have also been cases whereby the boards of directors have failed to encourage innovation, which is an important factor that enables a firm to counter competition from its rivals. Such organizations (which do not support innovations) may end up exiting from the market due to lack of skills to attract new clients, counter the ever increasing competition, and even failure to retain their existing customers, which leads to a decline in their market base. However, during the 2008 financial crisis, it has also been noted that the lack of accountability from the board of directors is a key reason that has led to the collapse of various organizations. In some scenarios, it has been found that the directors have failed to provide the necessary oversight while in others, they have been engaging in unethical conducts, hence, violating the firms policies. As noted earlier, several organizations have failed to perform as expected as a result of a failure by their board of directors. Kirkpatrick notes that weaknesses in the composition of the boards as well as their incompetence may have played a significant role in the failure of the firms (Kirkpatrick, 2009). According to Kirkpatrick, the negligence of duties by the board of directors was a key factor that led to the financial crisis in 2008. He notes that most boards did not perform one of their critical functions reviewing and offering guidance on risk-taking which made some companies (more so financial institutions) encourage and reward higher levels of risk-taking. In some other case, it has been noted that the board of directors work in cahoots with corrupt officials, which eventually leads to great losses within the organization (Sonnenfeld, 2002). Sonnenfeld notes that most of the directors possessed the required qualifications to sit at the firms executive meetings, which af firms that their lack of accountability is the key factor that has led to the downfall of their respective institutions. Keay and Loughrey point out that accountability is one of the factors that make up good governance in any organization. According to them, the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Good Governance revealed that its Code of Best Practice principles are anchored on accountability and integrity (Keay Loughrey, 2015). The scholars claim that accountability of the board of directors leads to value creation in the body, hence, it is an integral factor that may enable a firm to minimize its costs to reap maximum benefits (profits). As a result, the Keay and his colleague emphasize that accountability and the transparency of the board of directors are the most crucial factors that enhance corporate governance. They also cite that the Financial Reporting Council had redefined corporate governance and had noted that it is a means of coming up with a system of control between an organizations management and its board and a means of enhancing accountability from the board of directors as well ( Keay Loughrey, 2015). Keay also claims that the accountability of the board of directors is a major issue in corporate governance that has attracted the attention of not only the government but also that of international bodies (Keay, 2015). He cites that a lot of powers are bestowed on the boards and, thus, it is reasonable if they were asked to account for their actions. According to Aguilera, the boards of directors have been found to be at the center of corporate misdeeds, which have led to the downfall of a lot of companies (Aguilera, 2005). Keay is also of the opinion that most of the Corporate Governance Codes are based on the principle of apply or explain (an organizations board has to follow the dictations of the codes or give a reason on why it does not follow the codes stipulations), which makes it optional for the firms to embrace it or not, hence, giving the boards an opportunity to engage in unethical conduct and ultimately fail to account for their deeds (Keay, 2012) . Bonime-Blanc and Brevard also suggest that it is the responsibility of the board to make sure that the stakeholders have confidence in their company and, thus, they need to promote an ethical culture within the firm (Bonime-Blanc Brevard, 2013). Therefore, the directors must realize that their oversight duties have an ethical element, which they must comply with at all times. To ascertain that every board member upholds the desired values, it should be made mandatory for any new member to have a commendable ethics and compliance history. Additionally, whenever it is noted that a specific director has some interests in a given issue that may result in a conflict, he/she should be stripped of his/her duties so as to save the company from incurring any losses that any arise due to such conflicts. Obert, Suppiah, Desderio, and Brighton claim that the success of an organization is hinged on the efficiency of its board of directors (Obertet, al, 2015). According to these scholars, poor co rporate governance more so, the directors failure to play their roles has been the major cause of the failure of most organizations from all over the world key among them being Tyco, Enron, Global Crossing, and WorldCom (Obert et al., 2015). Obert and his colleagues are of the opinion that most directors have not been exercising their oversight roles as required, hence, making the investors suffer immense losses. They, thus, note that lack of appropriate corporate governance is due to the negligence of the board of directors to safeguard the interests of the stakeholders as required. In 199, the Turnbull Committee into the Combined Code of the Committee on Corporate Governance pointed out that a board of directors must always make sure that there exist appropriate mechanisms that enhance a sound system of the internal controls to protect the company assets and the shareholders investments (ACCA, 2017). Dans is of the opinion that the directors of quite a number of companies have a lso failed in ensuring that the firms produce environmentally friendly products. He gives the example of the Volkswagen firm, which had produced cars that were poisoning the environment (Dans, 2015). Investigations revealed that the manufacturing of such cars was due to the CEOs failure to ascertain that the engineering standards were complied with. According to Aguilar, a lot of corporations have incurred a lot of losses through the executive compensation schemes. He notes that such schemes are usually not aligned with the performance of the executives, which has impacted negatively on the sustainability potential of the firms (Aguilar, 2014). In addition, he cites that most of the directors have been enjoying the pay-for-performance booms benefits without demonstrating the increased performance, hence, defrauding the companies. Aguilar is of the opinion that the dictations of the Dodd-Frank Act, which gives the investors the right to approve the compensation benefits of the directors should be implemented (Aguilar, 2014). The Act, hence, gives the shareholders the powers to have a say-on-pay policy adopted by their organizations to ascertain that they do not lose a lot of funds as a result of lack of accountability from the firms executives. Analysis of the Issue from Multiple Perspectives The adherence to the organizations ethics and risks policies plays a critical role in the elimination of the factors that may adversely affect its level of economic operations. Solomon points out the organizations boards should always embrace the Aristotelian ideas on virtue wherever they discharge their duties. To start with, the board of directors must realize that in every situation, the interests of the community members (shareholders) come before their self-interests (Okoye Siwale, 2017). Therefore, they are supposed to pursue every matter with an objective of benefiting the shareholders so that they the shareholders can realize the value of the money they have invested in the respective businesses. Secondly, Solomon is of the opinion that the directors must have wisdom, which would hinder them from doing anything wrong that would adversely affect the firm (Soppe, 2012). Wisdom also enables them to uphold integrity and make rational judgments whenever a need arises. By making sure that everything runs as outlined in the companys policies, the board of directors promotes integrity within the firm. Nevertheless, they failure to provide oversights as expected or even act whenever they suspects that something fishy in the firm happening depicts their lack of honesty as the shareholders guardians The stakeholders believe that corporate governance should be exercised in a manner that promotes their interests at all times. According to them, effective corporate governance would lead to long-term prosperity of the firm (Rahman Bremer, 2016). As a result, they point out that corporate governance incorporates a number of key issues one of them being transparency, which implies that the directors must always make a full disclosure of the non-financial and the financial information regarding the firm. In addition, the directors are required to uphold accountability, whereby they are supposed to appoint an independent body that would investigate some of the critical issues that would befall a company and even make sure that those found guilty of any wrongdoing are subjected to the outlined disciplinary measures (Kim Kim, 2016). Kim and Kim also notes that the board of directors should exercise fairness at all times, which makes the stakeholders more so the investors to have faith in them (directors). Finally, the directors must be willing to take responsibility whenever it is proved that they have been involved in unscrupulous dealings that may have a negative impact on the firm. According to ACCA, the directors can ensure that there is transparency and accountability in their respective institutions by strengthening the rules that govern some procedures such as the auditing of the organizations financial accounts (ACCA, 2017). By doing so, the directors are in a position to ascertain that all the procedures involved are transparent and, thus, denote that their commitment to remaining accountable at all times. Socially Responsible Perspective The board of directors is in charge of all of all the affairs that take place in an organization and, thus, they must be persons of a high degree of integrity and sound judgment to be in a position to deliver as anticipated. Over the recent years, firms have become increasingly committed to corporate social responsibilities with an objective of not only meeting the interests of the shareholders but also promoting the welfare of the community members (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). The shareholders are increasingly demanding for the exercise of transparency in the institutions affairs and also the incorporation of the social programs in the firms policies. Therefore, corporate governance has been extended from being just a matter of the control of the inner affairs of a company to include the implementation of the social projects it launches. Rodriguez-Fernandez notes that the success of the social programs rolled out by various organizations is dependent on the conduct of their respecti ve boards of directors. He, thus, notes that the directors must always be accountable for all the finances set aside to cater for such programs as a means of ensuring that no losses are incurred under the pretext of bettering the welfare of the society members. The directors are also mandated to harmonize the company interests with those of the interest groups, key among them being the members of the community (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). In addition, Bowen claims that a firms economic and social responsibilities are inseparable and, thus, due diligence must be exercised while discharging such duties (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). The directors must, thus, ensure that the proposed social programs are implemented through the outlined policies and standards to guarantee that the projects will not result in any environmental threat that would adversely affect the society. Besides, they must provide training programs for the ones involved in the implementation of the policies while exercising their oversight responsibility to confirm that all the resources have been utilized as anticipated (Altschuller, 2011). It has been found that most companies have suffered immense losses during the implementation of the social projects, which have been blamed on the lack of accountability and oversight from the boards of directors. Even though most of the directors believe that their input is crucial in the successful formulation and implementation of social programs, most of them have been found to be reluctant in providing oversight to affirm that everything runs as stipulated. Sustainability Perspective As noted before, the directors are obligated to make reasonable decisions that boost the welfare of the firms, hence, enhancing their (the institutions) sustainability. As a result, the shareholders have increasingly shown their concerns in being involved in the companies affairs to gauge the level of effectiveness of the boards of directors (Wilcox, 2014). Trade unions and the investors have also been pressuring the directors to guarantee transparency in their corporations affairs as a means of guaranteeing their integrity. Although most of the directors have been reluctant in meeting the demands from such interest groups, they have been forced to concede defeat more so on issues related to accountability and governance (Wilcox, 2014). Due to the adverse effects of the financial crisis, most investors opted to shift their analysis of a companys performance from not only being a matter of evaluating the financial statements but also the nature of their corporate governance more so, the accountability of the directors. The investors have, thus, made it mandatory for the directors to be answerable on any matter that pertains the nature of governance, the environmental and the social involvement of the organization as well. Aguilar points out that, by demanding accountability from the directors, the investors have been trying to depict that there should exist a separation of control and ownership of the corporations (Aguilar, 2014). By doing so, the shareholders are interested counter-checking the actions of the directors and the possible effects of their decisions to evade the probability of suffering numerous losses as a result of directors failures. Conclusions The illustration above demonstrates that there is a need for the boards of directors to be accountable for every occurrence in the firm. Since they are mandated to ascertain that all the laws and policies governing the operations of a company are followed, they should also be held accountable in case it is found that they did not discharge their duties as dictated. For quite a long time, the directors were not questioned for their actions, which have led to the collapse of many organizations as it was witnessed after the occurrence of the financial crisis in 2008. However, evidence suggests that asking them to be transparent in their dealings and to account for every action has the potential to enhance not only service delivery within the firms but also the capability to boost the organizations profit levels. The discussion above reveals that some directors have been engaging in unethical conduct such as working in cahoots with corrupt employees hence, the reason why they have been unwilling to depict their transparency. From a stakeholders perceptive, it is believed that asking the directors to be accountable would make them (the directors) discharge their duties appropriately and even raise the alarm whenever the suspect that something fishy is happening in a given department. It has also become evident that most organizations have lost a lot of funds while implementing social projects due to the negligence of the directors. Therefore, it would be rational for the stakeholders to demand accountability from the directors as a means of ascertaining that the resources set aside for such projects would be used in a prudent manner. Finally, the analysis on the sustainability perspective has revealed that some companies have been losing finances through some financial benefits offered to the executives such as the pay for performance booms. On the other hand, some executives have been defrauding the corporations by awarding themselves some compensation that has not been approved by the investors. Recommendations to Improve Corporate Governance Basing my argument on the above analysis, I propose that the following recommendations be put in place to enhance corporate governance; Corporations should formulate adequate policies that dictate that all the directors should exercise transparency and accountability while discharging their duties failure to which, their contracts with the firms should be terminated. The directors who are found guilty of engaging in unethical conducts should be subjected to the disciplinary measures as outlined by the laws or by the company policies. The investors should always hold regular meetings to counter check the decisions made by the directors. In case they find that some decisions might adversely affect the companies, they should ask the directors to do away with them (the decisions) or even ask them (the directors) to guarantee that such actions would not threaten the welfare of the organization. The dictates of the Dodd-Frank Act should be implemented to make sure that no executive member is awarded any compensation benefits without the consideration of the views of the investors. Any financial benefits, such as the pay for performance booms should only be awarded after a director has successively illustrated the increased performance that is to be catered for. 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