Executive summary Essay Example for Free

Executive summary Essay Donald, you provided a thorough discussion of what an executive summary really is. Your method of presentation of examples that are equivalent to an executive summary such as a business report or a one-verse summary from the Bible serves as a superb way for the reader to totally appreciate what you are talking about (Marydee, 2004). You also provide the technical features of an executive summary, such as the general length and the scope of such documents (Penrose et al. , 2004). However, I would also want to comment on the tone of your discussion. In your fourth and sixth paragraphs, I noticed that there were a couple of sentences that project a negative attitude among the readers of executive summaries. You mentioned in the fourth paragraph that â€Å"†¦executive summaries are designed for audiences that lack time or motivation to read the full report (Bovee et al. , 2003). † I suggest that you modify this sentence because this connotation of this phrase is not very pleasant for the reader. In the sixth paragraph, you stated, â€Å"†¦most executives habitually make quick decisions, well written executive summaries are arguably the most important information in the business report. † This phrase of yours provides an impression that executives either are not interested in reading the full report, making these individuals not as energetic as they are perceived, or that executives are very gullible because their major decisions are all based on the executive summary. The problem here with your description is that if there is a substandard executive summary that has been generated by a fresh writer, any decisions that will be made by the executive will be significantly influenced by the work produced by this immature writer. I suggest that you incorporate my comments and suggestions so that you will have an improved version of your discussion.

singer :: essays research papers

Whitney Houston once sang, â€Å"I believe the children are the future, teach them well and let them lead the way.† Children are our future. They will be making our laws, curing diseases, inventing revolutionary products etc. These, along with many others, are reasons why there is so much emphasis on our youth and youth in general. Without them we would cease to exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While youth is very important to society, the older generation plays a very significant role as well. Our elders are our teachers, our wisdom, and our key to the future. You don’t know where you’re going until you know where you’ve been. Elders can tell us where they’ve been and in turn we will take their wisdom to where we are going; the future. However elders aren’t always treated with the respect, sometimes due to their senile and controlling behavior, and sometimes because of youth’s ignorance/innocence. American society in general sh*ts on old people. Weather it be a teenage boy heckling an old lady raking her lawn, or an adult shoving their parents in a ratty nursing home only to be straw fed and eventually led to certain death. Growing old in America isn’t a very great experience. Everywhere you go you see older people trying to look younger, biggest example being dyed hair. Wearing make-up, and most disturbingly, plastic surgery is another. Advertisements suggesting that looking young is the be all end all are directed toward older people because they know that a majority of older people want to fit in and look like the ideal young person. That is why a lot of older people get flattered when you say they look younger than they really are. This is also why they will get pissed off when you tell them that they look older than they really are.

J.P. Morgan’s Latin America M&A department Essay

Juan Lopez, a new associate in J.P. Morgan’s Latin America M&A department, was assigned the task of valuing the telephone directory operation subsidiary of a large Brazilian industrial conglomerate. The subsidiary is Paginas Amarelas, which operates in three Latin countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. All cash flows have been converted to U.S. dollars, and present values computed for various discount rates. In order to the present value properly, he should determine the appropriate target rate of returns for dollar flows originating in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Q1.What is the valuation problem here? In what currency are the cash flows denominated? In what currency should the discount rate denominated? Be sure you understand Exhibits 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the case. Juan chose DCF model to determine fair value of those subsidiaries. To properly apply DCF model WACC is a key underlying assumption. WACC composes of cost of debt and cost of equity. For cost of equity, Juan has some obstacles to determine it using CAPM model because following factors cannot be reasonably valued; 1. Risk-free rate is difficult to be determined because government bonds of those countries are not actually free of risk. Given that those governments had defaulted on principal and interest payments in the recent past. 2. Equity-risk premium cannot be reliably estimated. Equity market of each country has inadequate historical data e.g. historical stock prices, trading volume, dividend yield etc. This is because majority of companies are privately owned. 3. Beta cannot be ap propriately calculated. There is no competitor of the subsidiary in each local market. Potential competitors are either doing many kind of businesses or too small to be compared. For cost of debt, each local operation does not significantly issue debt security independently in an international market. As a result, Juan has to use an estimate of the U.S. dollar rates as if each operation borrow from the bank. Furthermore, each country has high inflation rate which causes valuation on each local currency become less accurate and less reliable. Cash flows are denominated in each local currency i.e. Argentina pesos,  Brazil reals, and Chile pesos. However, given that there are number of drawbacks in valuation on each local currency, as discussed earlier, discount rate should also be denominated in US Dollar. Q2.In this case, why doesn’t J.P. Morgan discount local cash flows at a local required rate of return? In fact, why not use that approach in general? -Firstly, J. P. Morgan is requested to value the business in U.S. dollars by the client, a Brazilian industrial conglomerate.

Smith s Vision Division Of Labor - 1330 Words

Smith’s Vision: Division of Labor in the Workplace Versus Society In Wealth of Nations, Smith posits that that division of labor, both in society and the workplace, is the driving force behind increased production (Smith, 1), and that individual self-interest motivates people to specialize (15), both within a society and in the workplace. Through the examples of a hypothetical pre-modern arrow-maker (16) and pin-makers from his own time (7), Smith presents the ever-increasing specialization within the workforce as a natural progression of the early division of society by profession. However, in his explanation of the division of labor, Smith falls short in establishing the factor of self interest in the example of the pin-maker, thus somewhat undermining the consistency of his theories on the division of labor. In the very first sentence of Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith declares that division of labor is the source of improvement in production. In his iconic pin factory example, he demonstrates these benefits of division of labor—namely, the â€Å"increase of dexterity† (Smith 7) of a worker, the â€Å"saving of time† (7) from not having to alternate jobs, and the development of new, more efficient machines. By specializing in one component of the pin-making process, for example, straightening the metal, the worker can become an expert in that task, and will not have to waste time learning to do the other tasks and switching between them. Smith estimates that a single man workingShow MoreRelatedAdam Smith And His Influence On American Society Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pagesnone made so great an impact on American society as the Scottish contemporary philosopher and political economist, Adam Smith—who is most known for his influential work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, By the early nineteenth century, other streams of economic theory emerged from various individuals who were also influenced by the ideas of Smith. Some of these individuals included David Ricardo, Karl Marx and later John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman—each of whomRead MoreSmith vs. Marx - a Comparison Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesSmith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison S. Glen Balanoff July 04, 2004 Smith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison Modern economic society can be described as a combination of certain points from several theories combined into one. 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